Covalent bonds and ionic bonds

 Covalent bonds and ionic bonds



The bond formed by mutual sharing of electron pairs between two atoms in a molecule is known as Covalent Bond.

Types of Covalent Bond:

Depending upon the number of shared electron pairs, the covalent bond can be classified into:

  •  Single Covalent Bond
  •  Double Covalent Bond
  •  Triple Covalent Bond

  • Single Covalent Bond: When a single pair of electrons are shared between two atoms in a molecule. For example; F2, Cl2, H2 , methane etc.
  • Double Covalent Bond: When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a molecule. For example; O2, CO2 etc.
  • Triple Covalent Bond: When three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms in a molecule. For example; N2 etc.
Ionic bonds

The bond formed by transfer of electron  between two atoms in a molecule is known as ionic Bond.
Two atoms will make an ionic bond if they have different electronegativity values. 

Difference between covalent compounds and ionic compounds

Covalent compounds

Ionic compounds

1.They are readily soluble in organic solvent.

1.They are not soluble in organic solvent.

2.They do not ionise..

2. They ionise in organic medium

3.They have weak forces of attraction between the molecules.

3.They have strong force of attraction between the molecules

4.They are bad conductor of heat.

4.They are good conductor of heat.

5.They are bad conductor of electricity.

5.They are bad conductor of electricity.

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